The first one doesnt have all the functions that the pro version has, plus the debut version is a bit more restricted in terms of possible length and image size. Orthogonal cutting process an orthogonal metal cutting process for a controlled contact tool is depicted in figure 1 with labels illustrating the nomenclatures used in this paper. In computer programming, orthogonality means that operations change just one thing without affecting others. Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal cutting. The wearland forces and edge forces are taken into consideration by the integration of elemental forces on the tool flank and the cutting edge, respectively. Oblique cutting involves principal and auxiliary cutting edges in the cutting action which increases friction and advances wear in the cutting tool. Local scale in setup mode when working with cat rigs, sometimes the absolute. Dragonframe is the industry standard for stopmotion animation, and was used on films such as kubo and the two strings and shaun the sheep if youre planning on making a professional stop motion video, dragonframe is the best tool for the job.
Theory of metal cutting s k mondal notes for gate, ies. Difference between orthogonal and oblique cutting orthogonal cutting in orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting. Metal cutting could be done either by a single point cutting tool or a multi point cutting tool. Mechanism of metal cutting orthogonal cutting process cutting forces in orthogonal cutting process oblique cutting process e4education. Launch the group orthogonal supersaturated designs platform. Turning forces for orthogonal model end view section aa note. First analytical models of orthogonal cutting were create on the base of experiments and empirically based research. Read more according to a recent poll of doctors by epocrates, onethird of physicians planned to purchase the ipad mini prior to its public announcement. Aug 16, 2017 orthogonal machining in the orthogonal machining chip always flow along the orthogonal plane, in this video you will learn what is orhogonal machining and different angles in orthogonal machining. Some simulate metal, some plastic and even a few for skin and hair. Orthogonal cutting lab instructions orthogonal cutting. In oblique cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is inclined at an acute angle with. Pathfinder software changed its name to orthogonal in 2016. Based on the input conditions chip breaker parameters and cutting conditions, a computer program is developed to convert the parametric prediction into a series of dynamic.
So since the columns of at are orthonormal, which means the rows of aare orthonormal. Based on the software toonz, developed by digital video s. In orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting. Theory of metal cutting 1 define the following tool angles in asa system of tool signature and show them by drawing a neat sketch of single point cutting tool. In the case of function spaces, families of orthogonal functions are used to form a. Oblique cutting implemented in industrial applications. Orthogonal cutting involves the use of a wedgeshaped tool in which the cutting edge is perpendicular to the direction of speed motion into the work material.
The tube wall thickness is the width of cut in this orthogonal cutting process and may be. The basic and main difference between orthogonal cutting and oblique cutting is that in orthogonal cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of motion but in oblique cutting, the cutting edge makes an angle with the d. In euclidean space, two vectors are orthogonal if and only if their dot product is zero, i. I am trying to simulate a 2d orthogonal cutting operation of bone at a velocity of. The 3d chip animation model developed integrates chip flow equation, chip curling patterns, chip geometrical features and mathematical expression for 3d helix surface. Development of predictive force models for classical. The rake angle on the tool in the direction of chip flow is. Determine a the shear strength of the work material and b the coefficient of friction in the operation.
Discontinuouschip is formed into separated segments. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the longitudinal component 14. Cartoon drawing software is an easytouse drawing software for drawing cartoons. This paper presents the modelling and simulation analysis of the orthogonal cutting. It could be with puppets, cutout characters, or lego figures. He is the mechanical engineering faculty in made easy and is expert in som and production he is expert in every subject, he is known for his jugaaad. Hence orthogonality of vectors is an extension of the concept of perpendicular vectors to spaces of any dimension.
There is a wide range of cutting operations such as turning, milling, drilling, grinding, etc. The diameter is reduced using a turning operation at a cutting speed of 400 ftmin. To adjust the cat rig while in animation mode, see the solution in this forum thread. What is the difference between oblique and orthogonal cutting. Opentoonz opensource animation production software. Orthogonal cutting lab instructions orthogonal cutting lab. Kim 3 orthogonal cutting in a lathe rake angle shear angle t o. The rake angle in an orthogonal cutting operation 12 o. Curling with chip breaker tools in metal cutting part i.
The merchants model of orthogonal cutting revisited. Oct 16, 2010 this paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shearzone model to study the machining predictive theory. Analytical prediction of cutting forces in orthogonal. In the shear zone, the material constitutive relationship is described by johnsoncook model, and the. The xyextract software is used for to extract data from a 2d graph orthogonal and nonorthogonal axes contained in a graphic file scanned, pdf document or in a some file like gif, jpg, etc. The orthogonal complement of a subspace is the space of all. Its comprehensive software can be used with many different attachments, such as a device that controls the camera, lights and even pull. There are two basic types of metal cutting by a single point cutting tool. Modelling of orthogonal cutting processes with the method. Using the orthogonal model as an approximation of turning, determine. Blade shaped cutter will be forced into a piece of aluminum or brass, shearing off a piece. In orthogonal cutting, the resultant force r applied to the chip by tool lies in a plane normal to the tool cutting edge. Orthogonal and oblique cuttingfor lathe and planner. However, the shear angle predicted by the merchants model from the criterion of minimization of the cutting energy, does not generally agree.
Name and briefly describe the four types of chips that occur in metal cutting. Friction is found to be the most critical parameter in the simulation, since good agreement can be achieved for individual process variables by tuning it. Softwares getting cheaper or even free, and most modern computers can handle the more simple animation. Similar to movie editing software, motionbuilder will enable you to cut and stitch together different movements the key difference is though that instead of hard. What will happen at different cutting speeds, from very slow to very fast.
Cutting tool signature, nomenclature, designation, geometry animation duration. Ies swapan kumar mondal sir is ies officer railway, gate topper, ntpc et2003 batch, 12 years teaching experienced. Many studies and experiments were performed since beginning of the 20th century. The presented results were gained in the project he 16561461 modelling and compensation of thermic processing influence for short hole drilling within the priority program spp 1480 modelling, simulation and compensation of thermal effects for complex machining processes cutsim, which was funded by the german research foundation dfg. The tool in orthogonal cutting has only two elements of geometry. By the previous problem, we know also that a 1 at is orthogonal. Shear strength of metal along shear plane is not affected by normal stress. Orthogonal projection drawing software free download. Depending on the bilinear form, the vector space may contain nonzero selforthogonal vectors.
Additionally, he has interested in product design, animation, and project design. Orthogonal cutting vs oblique cutting explained duration. In vector geometry, orthogonal indicates two vectors that are perpendicular to each other. Which of the following are characteristics of the orthogonal cutting model three best answers. The extended general usage of orthogonal is where two things vary. Cutting tool signature, nomenclature, designation, geometry animation.
Animate cc and after effects are great choices for playing around with 2d animation in both a handdrawn form or by creating puppets, while character animator doesnt require any drawing at all, and uses your face as the driver for the animation. Orthogonal, in a computing context, describes a situation where a programming language or data object is can be used without considering its after effects towards other program functions. Learn how to draw cartoons by searching and tracing cartoon drawings draw with your mouse or drawing tablet save your drawing as image, video or flash animation share your drawing to facebook, twitter and youtube. Two elements u and v of a vector space with bilinear form b are orthogonal when bu, v 0. Ianimate3d can be used to quickly build impressive and highly detailed animation sequences to be used to visualize. In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the notion of perpendicularity to the linear algebra of bilinear forms. Orthogonal array testing great pairwise testing techniques. Determination of orthogonal cutting force coefficients the experimental identification of orthogonal cutting coefficients is conducted as follows. Calculate a the shear plane angle and b the shear strain for the operation. This makes it possible to model the process of chip formation with a plane strain assumption, considering a chip width w much larger than its thickness e. The proposed model only requires workpiece material properties and cutting conditions to predict the cutting forces during the orthogonal cutting process. First analytical models of orthogonal cutting were create on the base of experiments.
This post was previously on the pathfinder software site. Sketch a single edge cutting tool and label the a face, b flank, c nose, d cutting edge, e relief, f shank. Moho is a proprietary vectorbased 2d animation software for animators. This paper presents an analytical method based on the unequal division shearzone model to study the machining predictive theory. Advantedge fem and forge 2d can create animations with results and. In the last decades, the modelling and simulation of machining processes be came very important for researchers. Orthogonality in a programming language means that a relatively small set of primitive constructs can be combined in a relatively small number of ways to build the control and data structures of the language. The general purpose of analytical models is to estimate global output variables.
This force is usually determined in experimental work, from the measurement of two orthogonal components. Pdf fem tools for cutting process modelling and simulation. Physics of cutting mechanics force, power tool materials design for manufacturing 2. Looking for the best animation software to create beautiful 2d and 3d visuals.
The cutting forces in turning operations are successfully predicted by. The cutting conditions result in a chip ratio of 0. If the cutting face of the tool is at 90 o to the direction of the tool travel the cutting action is called as orthogonal cutting. The entire table will be filled out on the backside of the lab. However, the shear angle predicted by the merchants model from the criterion of minimization of the cutting energy, does not generally agree with experimental data and numerical simulations.
Local bone values cannot be manually entered or changed in the scale transform typein window in setup mode. Orthogonal array is a method of choosing a set of tests from a universe of tests, to make the testing efficient and effective. The merchants model, as the most famous approach of orthogonal cutting, is widely used in introductive courses on machining. Dwango has launched the opentoonz project in cooperation with digital video and studio ghibli. Orthogonal array testing strategy oats is a systematic, statistical way of testing pairwise interactions.
An eulerian reference coordinate is used to describe the steady state motion of the workpiece relative to a stationary cutting tool. Most of the programs below are inexpensive and relatively easy to learn. Among the first orthogonal cutting models are those of merchant, lee and. Sk mondal sir is one of the most famous faculty of engineering. Orthogonal cutting doesnt have those complexities, but oblique cutting is found to be used in more often in an industrial setting. Thus tool approach angle and cutting edge inclination are zero. We have set up a lathe and are doing an orthogonal cut. For the 2d orthogonal mechanistic model we will ignore the radial component f t a a c f.
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